Caoayan comprises 17 barangays with an estimated population of 18,276. 13 of its barangays (76%) are connectivity dead zones with no recorded cell tower from either the national registry or crowdsourced data.
| Barangay | Population | Towers | Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anonang Mayor | 819 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Anonang Menor | 1,671 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Baggoc | 777 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Callaguip | 446 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Caparacadan | 116 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Don Alejandro Quirolgico (Pob.) | 3,848 | 1 | Crowdsourced signal only (no registered tower) |
| Don Dimas Querubin (Pob.) | 752 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Don Lorenzo Querubin (Pob.) | 1,520 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Fuerte | 999 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Manangat | 208 | 1 | Crowdsourced signal only (no registered tower) |
| Naguilian | 654 | 1 | Crowdsourced signal only (no registered tower) |
| Nansuagao | 1,596 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Pandan | 340 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Pantay Tamurong | 1,635 | 1 | Crowdsourced signal only (no registered tower) |
| Pantay-Quitiquit | 364 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Puro | 1,133 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |
| Villamar | 1,398 | 0 | Dead zone: no towers from any source |